Improvement exploration on the classroom teaching design of physical chemistry for the Chinese pharmacy major / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching design is an important part of the construction of teaching contents,and it plays an important role in improving the quality of education and teaching. At present, teaching design has not received enough attention in the teaching of the physical chemistry for the Chinese pharmacy major. This study discussed the importance of the teaching design in the classroom of physical chemistry for the Chinese pharmacy major and expounded some practices of teaching design in detail, including the design of the affective attitude goals for the purpose of improving students' sense of curriculum identity and stimulating students' interest in learning, the design of "points-lines-planes" for teaching and learning based on the mind map,and the design of the ways of the classroom lead-in such as case-based learning mode.

Physical fingerprint for quality control of Reduning injection / 中国中药杂志

The method of physical fingerprint spectrum for Reduning injection (RI) was proposed in this paper to improve its quality standards based on the strong correlation between physicochemical properties of drugs, their safety, effectiveness and stability. The quality of RI was studied by the thought and method of physical chemistry. The physical fingerprint spectrum was visually showed by the radar map, and consisted of eight indexes (pH, conductivity, turbidity, refractive index, osmolarity, surface tension, relative density, and kinematic viscosity). Then 12 batch of samples were verified. It was found that the physical fingerprint spectra of 3 batches of RI were in line with the standards within their validity time, with similarity above 0.999; in addition for the expired 9 batches of RI, their physical fingerprint spectra did not meet the standards. The results showed that physical fingerprint spectrum can be used for the quality control of RI, with a certain exemplary role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injection.

Características Físico Químicas y Composición de la Leche de Cabras Mestizas Canarias en Condiciones Tropicales / Physics and Chemistry Characteristics, and Composition of Goat Milk of Canarian Goats on Tropical Condition

Los factores que afectan las características y composición de la leche de cabra han sido bien estudiados en países de clima templado, pero no en países tropicales como Venezuela. El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto de grupo racial y de algunos factores no genéticos sobre las características fisicoquímicas y composición de la leche de cabras mestizas canarias, para lo cual, se analizaron 758 muestras de leche. Los datos se recolectaron en un periodo de nueve años. Las muestras fueron tomadas de un rebaño caprino multirracial confinado, ubicado en Maracay, en el estado Aragua, Venezuela (10º 16’ 25,30’’ N y 67º 36’ 35’’ O). Los resultados se analizaron mediante un modelo estadístico lineal aditivo, con el padre como efecto aleatorio y como efectos fijos, la edad al parto (EP), año (AP) y mes (MP) de parto, tipo de parto (TP), grupo racial (GR); y las covariables días en producción (efectos lineal y cuadrático). Las medias de las características fueron: crioscopía (ºC): -0,56; acidez (mLNaOH 0,1N/100 mL leche): 19,12; cloruros: (%): 0,22; WMT (mm): 10,75; pH: 6,55; composición de la leche (%): grasa: 4,32; proteína: 4,00; caseína: 2,63; humedad: 86,69; sólidos totales: 13,30; sólidos no grasos: 9,04; cenizas: 0,77 y lactosa: 4,27. Los resultados del estudio, muestran que todos los efectos fijos estudiados, afectaron en forma variable las características y la composición de la leche. El año de parto de la cabra, fue el factor que más influyó sobre la variación de las características de la leche; mientras que el GR ½ Canarias ½ Alpino Francés, estuvo por encima de los demás genotipos en cuanto al contenido porcentual de los diferentes sólidos de la leche.

Factors affecting the characteristics and composition of goat milk have been well studied in template countries, but not in tropical countries, such as Venezuela. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of breed group and some non-genetic factors on both characteristics and composition of milk from Canary crossbred goats in tropical conditions. To carry out the study, a total of 758 milk samples were analyzed. Data were collected in a period of nine years and milk samples were taken from a multiracial confined goat herd, located in Maracay, the State of Aragua, Venezuela (10° 16’ 25.30’’ N and 67º 36’ 35’’ W). Data were analyzed by a linear additive statistical model, with sire as random effect; age at calving (EC), year of calving (YC), month of calving (MC), prolificity (P), and breed group (BG), as fixed effects, and the covariates production days, as linear and quadratic effects. The means of the characteristics and composition (%) of goat milk were: cryoscopy (°C): -0.56; acidity (0.1 mL NaOH N/100 mL of milk): 19.12; chlorides (%): 0.22; WMT (mm): 10.75; pH: 6.55. Milk composition (%): fat: 4.32; protein: 4.00; casein: 2.63; humidity: 86.69; total solids: 13.30; non-fat solids: 9.04; ash: 0.77; and lactose: 4.27. The results of this study showed that all the fixed effects studied affected in a variable form, the characteristics and components of milk, being YC the most influential factor on the variation of the characteristic of milk. The BG “½ Canarian ½ Alpine” highlighted above all other genotypes, regarding the percentage content of the different solids of milk.

Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of fermented milk beverages / Características microbiológicas e físico-químicas de bebidas lácteas fermentadas

This study aimed to evaluate some microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of fermented milk beverages collected at the main supermarkets in Belo Horizonte (MG). 40 samples of the products corresponding to five distinct brands were collected. They were submitted to the following analyses: Most Probable Number (MPN) of total (30ºC) and thermal tolerant coliforms (45ºC), Salmonella spp., coagulase positive Staphylococcus, molds and yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, pH, titratable acidity and contents of moisture, total solids, protein and fat. The analyses were carried out during the last week of shelf life. The microbiological quality of the samples was good and the counts of lactic bacteria were above the minimum established by the official legislation. Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were isolated and identified from the products and Lactobacillus delbrueckii was molecularly identified in three samples. The mean values for the contents of fat and protein, titratable acidity, pH, moisture and total solids ranged from 1.24 to 1.98%; 1.88 to 2.22%; 0.54 to 0.66%; 3.91 to 4.16; 81.18 to 83.25% and 16.75 to 18.82%, respectively. All samples had protein content in agreement with the official legislation.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as características microbiológicas e físico-químicas de bebidas lácteas fermentadas. Foram coletadas 40 amostras de bebidas lácteas fermentadas pertencentes a cinco marcas distintas, em grandes redes de supermercados de Belo Horizonte. Em cada amostra, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: número mais provável de coliformes totais (30ºC), número mais provável de coliformes termotolerantes (45ºC), pesquisa de Salmonella spp., contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, contagem de bolores e leveduras, contagem total de bactérias lácticas viáveis, umidade, sólidos totais, teor de proteína, teor de gordura, pH e acidez titulável. As análises foram realizadas na última semana do período de validade. As amostras apresentaram qualidade microbiológica satisfatória, bem como contagens totais de bactérias lácticas viáveis superiores ao mínimo estabelecido pela legislação. Streptococcus e Lactobacillus foram identificados em todas as marcas de bebidas lácteas fermentadas analisadas, e em três delas foi possível identificar a espécie Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Os valores médios encontrados para os teores de gordura, proteína, acidez titulável, pH, umidade e sólidos totais variaram de 1,24 a 1,98%, 1,88 a 2,22%, 0,54 a 0,66%, 3,91 a 4,16, 81,18 a 83,25% e 16,75 a 18,82%, respectivamente. Todas as marcas de bebidas lácteas fermentadas apresentaram teor médio de proteína superior ao mínimo preconizado pela legislação.

Modelación de la calidad del agua en el segmento medio del río Luyanó / Modeling water quality in the middle segment of the Luyano river

RESUMEN Se presentó la metodología seguida para la modelación de tres parámetros que caracterizan la calidad del agua: demanda bioquímica de oxígeno, oxígeno disuelto y amonio en un tramo del río Luyanó, empleando el software RIOSep® v.2.0. Durante el trabajo se combinaron acertadamente las técnicas de radiotrazadores para estimar los parámetros hidrodinámicos de la corriente del río con las técnicas de análisis fisicoquímico para determinar sus parámetros básicos. El levantamiento de los parámetros hidrodinámicos en la corriente se realizó con el empleo del . Simultáneamente con la determinación de caudales se muestreó en cinco estaciones en el cauce principal y dos tributarios, para determinar los parámetros físico-químicos de interés. Como resultado se obtuvo un modelo que describe en más del 90% el comportamiento de la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno y del oxígeno disuelto y en más del 65% el comportamiento del amonio, por lo que caracteriza adecuadamente los procesos de autodepuración y el balance de oxígeno en las aguas del río.

ABSTRACT The methodology for the modelling of three parameters that characterize water quality: biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and ammonium in a Luyanó river stretch using the RIOSep ® v.2.0 software. The procedure combined the use of radiotracer techniques for estimating the hydrodynamic parameters of the stream with physicochemical techniques to determine its basic parameters. The survey of hydrodynamic parameters in the stream was conducted with the use of as a radiotracer. Simultaneously with flow determination, water was sampled at five stations in the main channel and two tributaries, in order to determine the physical and chemical parameters of interest. The result was a model that describes accurately the biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen behaviour (more than 90%), and showed a good result for ammonium, so it adequately characterizes the purification and oxygen balance processes in water.

Exploration for Less Hours' Physical Chemistry of Pharmacy / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to the limited class hours and requirements of medicinary major curriculum application,this paper attempts to make some choice of physical chemistry teaching contents and emphasize on the first class,and also to explore bilingual teaching of partial chapters and experimental teaching.

Practice and reflection of the teaching of physical chemistry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article summarizes some methods in teaching physical chemistry,such as inspiring students’ interests and improving teacher’s teaching level. Then,how to enhance the teaching quality of physical chemistry is discussed.

Investigation and analysis on network-aided teaching of physical chemistry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The authors have made an investigation on the conditions of the internet access,the platform for network-aided teaching,the teaching resource and the teaching effect for physical chemistry among 127 pharmacy students of 2008 enrollment.Based on the results of the investigation,an analysis on the current situation and problems of network-aided teaching for this course was performed and recommendations were put forward accordingly.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Physical Chemistry for Pharmaceutical Speciality / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The physical chemistry is one of the important basic courses for pharmaceutical speciality.This article explores the teaching reform of physical chemistry for pharmaceutical speciality from five aspects,such as the teacher's professional quality,the teaching content,the teaching method,the experiment teaching as well as the evaluating method.

The Physical Chemistry Properties Evaluation of Copying and Original Aluminium Phosphate Gel / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the physical chemistry properties of copying(A) and original(B) aluminium phosphate gel METHODS:We examined the character,antacid activity,isolating capacity against H+ ions and viscosity in different pH values of two products RESULTS:Product A was not better than product B in the Character,antacid activity,isolating capacity against H+ ions and viscosity;The antacid activity of two preparations not influenced obviously by the food with low concentration;Two preparations all had difference physical chemistry properties in batches CONCLUSION:Product B was better than A in comparison of the physical chemistry properties

Comparison of the Scores of Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry in Freshperson of Preliminary Course in Year 2000 According to the Selection of the Chemistry in the College Scholastic Ability Test / 한국의학교육

Is it necessary to open the course "general chemistry" to help freshperson to complete courses of organic chemistry and physical chemistry in the preliminary course of College of Medicine, Hallym University? As a basic step to answer this question, the records of the organic chemistry and physical chemistry were compared according to "chemistry" selection at the College Scholastic Ability Test in the freshperson of College of Medicine, Hallym University in the year 2000. There was a significant difference of the records of organic chemistry between chemistry selecting group and chemistry non-selecting group that selected physics, biology and earth science. There was a no significant difference between chemistry selecting female and non-selecting female, although there was a significant difference between chemistry selecting male and non-selecting female. As for physical chemistry, the records of selecting chemistry group were higher than those of the non-selecting group. There was a significant difference between non-chemistry selecting male and chemistry selecting male and female while a no significant difference between non-chemistry selecting male and non-chemistry selecting female. However, records of non-chemistry selecting female showed no significant difference with chemistry selecting male and female. This result means that difference of records is not dependent on the chemistry selecting but dependent on the sexual difference. Therefore, the opening of "general chemistry" as preliminary course for organic chemistry and physical chemistry cannot be essential. The attitude on the learning and incentive might be more important factors for the completion of the courses of organic chemistry and physical chemistry.

THE STUDY OF PEDICULARIS DECORA IN PHARMACOGNOSY / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

In this article we first report the original plant morphology of padicularis decora, Its histological features of the root, diagnostic characters of the Crude drug and the identification tests of physical chemistry. It is clear that our vesearch also provides the basis for the appraisal of the new resources of medicinal herbs.